What are the specific applications of hand XRF Spectrometers?

What are the specific applications of hand XRF Spectrometers?  The editor of this article will introduce them one by one, hoping to help people better use the hand XRF Spectrometer.  When a handheld spectrometer collides with a high-energy X-ray whose energy is higher than the binding energy of the electrons in the inner layer of the atom, it drives out an inner layer of electrons and a hole appears, leaving the entire atomic system in an unstable state.  When transitioning to a hole, a photoelectron is generated. The photon that is ejected may be absorbed again and ejected from another outer photoelectron in the outer layer. The Auger effect occurs, also known as the secondary photoelectric effect or no radiation effect.  The ejected secondary photoelectrons are called Auger electrons.

When the outer layer of electrons jump into the inner hole and the energy released is not absorbed by the atoms, but is released in the form of photons, XRF analyzer is generated, and its energy is equal to the energy difference between the two energy levels.  Therefore, the energy or wavelength of ray fluorescence is characteristic and has a one-to-one relationship with the element.  According to Moseley's law, as long as the wavelength of fluorescent X-rays is measured, the type of element can be known, which is the basis of qualitative analysis of fluorescent X-rays.  In addition, the intensity of fluorescent X-rays has a certain relationship with the content of corresponding elements, and based on this, quantitative elemental analysis can be performed.  The X-ray detector converts the optical signal of the X-ray characteristic spectral line of the sample element into an electrical signal that is easy to measure to obtain the characteristic information of the element to be measured.  Handheld spectrometers have a wide range of applications, including: electricity, petrochemicals, archeology, metal processing, pressure vessels, waste materials recovery, aerospace, geological exploration, mining mapping, mining, ore separation, mineral trade, metal smelting, environmental monitoring, Soil monitoring, toys, clothing, shoes and hats, electronics and many other fields.  Cheap and fast handheld Raman spectrometers are quickly becoming a powerful tool for quality control of drug substance procurement.  Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the rapid identification of unknown compounds, such as the detection of high-purity chemicals, drug composition verification, and characterization of polymer materials.  The popularity of Raman spectroscopy instruments is mainly due to the intelligent decision-making software and spectral libraries provided by modern instruments, making it an ideal molecular fingerprint analysis technology.  Unlike traditional molecular spectroscopy techniques, Raman spectrometers can be used in production environments or field applications because they can produce sharp, specific peaks that require little sample preparation or direct contact with the sample.  In addition, it has the unique ability to directly test samples through transparent packaging materials such as glass or plastic without any interference with spectral information.  Today's Raman spectrometers are moving towards faster, more rugged, cheaper, and smaller components, leading to the emergence of high-performance, portable, handheld Raman spectrometers.  These handheld devices are particularly suitable for applications in the medical field, such as testing of drug substances, final product verification, and identification of counterfeit drugs, because Raman spectroscopy has very high molecular selectivity.  The development of multiple technologies has promoted the advancement of portable Raman spectrometer technology, making the instrument very suitable for the characterization of drug substances.  These technologies include advanced manufacturing procedures, innovative optical designs, compact and highly stable detectors, smaller electronic components, the development of touch screens, advances in computing power, and longer-lasting, better-performing batteries.